目的 为获得能够高效降解园林废弃物的真菌并研究其降解能力，从经过堆肥处理的园林废弃物中分离和筛选出1株木质素降解能力较强的真菌。 方法 经过形态分析、ITS分子序列分析，构建系统发育树，鉴定出该株木质素降解真菌种属，并利用该菌株进行固态发酵实验，研究其在固态发酵过程中漆酶、锰过氧化物酶的酶活力变化及其对不同园林废弃物中木质素的降解能力。 结果 从经过堆肥处理的园林废弃物中共挑选出真菌18株，筛选出1株高效的木质素降解真菌，编号为菌株No.11，经鉴定该菌株为构巢曲霉（Aspergillus nidulans（Eidam）G.Winter）。以冬青卫矛叶、冬青卫矛枝、圆柏叶、圆柏枝、连翘枝叶为底物的模拟固态发酵的漆酶酶活力峰值分别为388.7、326.3、461.4、342.7、588.5 U·L^-1，锰过氧化物酶酶活力峰值分别为138.3、121.1、104.6、128.6、73.3 U·L^-1。添加菌株No.11使冬青卫矛叶、冬青卫矛枝、圆柏叶、圆柏枝、连翘枝叶40 d后木质素降解率分别提高了20.40%、22.44%、29.90%、25.28%、15.77%。 结论 筛选出的构巢曲霉对北京地区常见园林废弃物冬青卫矛、圆柏和连翘枝叶中的木质素具有较好的降解能力，在降解园林废弃物方面可能更具有优势。

研究了河南省商丘市2年生泡桐一个生长季节的养分变化情况及不同冠层养分状况。结果表明:在自然状况下,从出叶到落叶的整个生长过程中:①N元素的浓度是呈锯齿状下降趋势,最高值出现在5月末,为42.0g·kg-1,最低值出现在11月中旬,为21.5g·kg-1;P元素浓度是在生长季开始时较高,最高为2.5g·kg-1,到6月份以后基本趋于平稳,到10月份,又呈现下降趋势直到落叶,最低为1.2g·kg-1;K元素浓度在生长季开始时较高,最高为14g·kg-1,到6月份以后基本趋于平稳,直到9月底。10月份呈现下降趋势,从11月开始又基本稳定直到落叶,最低值为6.6g·kg-1;②整株树的养分积累状况中,N、P、K三种元素呈现出相似的变化规律,在开始略有下降,随后是一直增长,到7月份达到最高,N、P、K最高积累量分别为7.26g·株-1、0.37g·株-1、2.3g·株-1,之后开始下降,到9月份降到最低,N、P、K最低积累量分别为3.2g·株-1、0.16g·株-1、0.96g·株-1,随后又开始缓慢增长,直至落叶;③单叶片的营养元素的积累量是持续增长的;④不同冠层的N、P、K浓度差异不显著。

With the method of long-term experiment and statistical analysis,time variation of leaf traits and their correlations in a whole growth season were studied.The result showed that:(1) leaf area increased with growth time prolonging and the curve took on S pattern.Its relationship could be described with y=e(5.528 93-5.104/x).The specific leaf weight increased with growth time prolonging and its model was cubic y=0.000 002 x3-0.000 8 x2+0.088 1 x+2.942 1.Leaf water content in the growth season increased in the model y=-0.000 1 x3+0.031 9 x2-3.616 3 x+424.56.Season dynamics of leaf fresh weight in the growth season was S pattern and its model was y=e(1.770 8﹣36.299/x).Leaf dry weight was y=0.042 5 x0.6971 .Dry / fresh ratio was y = 0.000 000 009x3-0.002 6 x2+0.262 x+16.946.(2) a significant positive correlation existed between leaf dry weight and leaf area.Their relationship could be described with y=0.008 1 x﹣0.253 6.Relation of leaf fresh weight and leaf area was significant positive correlation and its model was y=0.020 7 x1.0203.Leaf dry weight and leaf water content was significant negative correlation and its model was y=7.710 6e﹣0.002 7 x.With the method of municipal statistical analysis,it confirmed that the relation among the leaf dry weight,leaf area,leaf water content,specific leaf weight,dry / fresh ratio was y(leaf dry weight)=0.006 6 x1(leaf area)+0.003 22 x2(leaf water content)+0.187 95 x3(specific leaf weight)+0.035 27 x4(dry/fresh ratio)-3.071 2.(3) it proved that season variation of paulownia leaf modal traits closely related to the local climate.The other traits and their mechanisms needed further study.